home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Date sent: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 17:51:14 +1000
-
- Tom O'Callaghan
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Questions:
- ~~~~~~~~~~
- What conclusions can you come to regarding the issues we have considered in
- the Cooks River Valley and at Bicentennial Park?
-
- Are these issues becoming worse or are they being improved? What is the role
- of management in these changes?
-
-
- The issues that we looked at were: uses of the areas, both water and
- land, and their impacts; water pollution; visual water quality; impacts of
- fooding; role of mangroves; management strategies.
-
- The sites visited were:
- 1) Alexandra Canal
- 2) Occupation Road - Kyeemagh
- 3) Canterbury
- 4) Fifth Avenue - Campsie
- 5) Bicentennial Park - Homebush
-
- Area uses at site one have a considerable impact on the Cooks River.
- The land uses were residential, industrial, commercial, recreational, and
- also roads and the airport. Water uses were boating, fishing, waste disposal,
- storm water drainage, and possibly a scenic resource. The impact of the land
- uses are that they increase runoff, because of the surface being covered by
- buildings and impermeable surfaces, water cannot be absorbed by the ground;
- a further impact of these land uses is and increase in rubbish, and then
- possibly water pollution. The impact of the water uses is water pollution,
- caused by the boats themselves, and by waste disposal and the storm water
- drains, bringing rubbish from elsewhere.
-
- The uses at site two were land based. These uses were a market
- garden, and a bridge. The impacts of the market garden would be an increase
- in fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and some sedimentation in severe
- flooding that would effect Muddy Creek and Cooks River. The impact of the
- bridge would be "back-up flooding". This would be caused when debris such as
- branches would become stuck between the pylons of the bridge, thereby further
- reducing the flow (the presence of the pylons presently slows the flow down),
- this would then lead to back-up flooding.
-
- At the Canterbury section of Cooks River, there were only land uses.
- The area was predominately residential and recreational, with a small amount
- of agriculture, storm water runoff drainage, and the remains of an industrial
- building. There were facilities for boating, however, now they are not used.
- The was a very large amount of pollution in the water. However, there were
- some fish in the river, and a pelican and other water fowls.
-
- At the fourth site, the main land use was recreation, with some
- residential. The impact of these and the car bridge were not great, with not a
- great amount of visual pollution. At Bicentennial Park, the land uses were
- recreational, wildlife reserve, scientific research, and an educational
- resource. These uses with the water uses, boating, do not appear to have an
- impact upon this area.
-
- The water pollution in all sites was caused by industrial dumping,
- storm water drains, litter, and sediment. The number of industries dumping
- waste into the Cooks River has decreased from 110 in 1975 to 10 in 1991. The
- storm water drains bring rubbish, in addition to the rubbish that falls into
- the river directly. Due to the amount of bank erosion, there is a large
- amount of sediment, 25 000 tonnes. This sediment is so rich in heavy metals,
- that it could be mined. There are also approximately 150 points where raw
- sewerage can enter the river in times of heavy rain.
-
- The visual water quality varied from site to site. At Alexandra Canal,
- visually, the water appeared to be reasonably good. At Canterbury, the visual
- quality was at its worse, the river was covered in floating rubbish. Further
- upstream at Fifth Avenue, the visual water quality was not too bad (that is
- there was some rubbish in in the water). At Homebush Bay, the visual water
- quality appeared to constitute nothing.
-
- In a time of flood, the areas that would have an impact on the river
- would be sites 2,3 and 4. Site 2 could (if the flood was high enough) cause
- sediments, fertilisers, herbicides, and pesticides to be dumped in to Muddy
- Creek and Cooks River. The increase in fertiliser level could create and algal
- bloom, and the introduction of herbicides and pesticides could have adverse
- affects on the marine population. Sites 2 and 4 would have an impact because
- then the residential areas could be flooded, or the flow of rubbish would be
- disrupted.
-
- The role of Mangroves is to be a natural treatment of water pollution.
- The Mangroves achieve this by trapping pollutants in their net-like
- entanglement of roots. The Mangroves also supply a habitat for birds and
- aquatic life. The Mangroves provide the Paramatta River with oxygen. The
- Mangroves also provide a Scenic source, and trap sediment. The benefit of
- Mangroves is the large savings that they give, to replace the Mangroves with
- manmade sewerage treatment plants would cost US$123 500 per hectare, and to
- replace them with recreational amenities would cost US$8 105 per hectare.
-
- When compared with last years results, there does appear to be an
- improvement in the water quality. However, this was aided by the heavy
- rainfall. The management strategies seem to be working, however, the
- management strategies need to be extended, because they are not solving the
- problem completely.
-
- The Management Strategies were:
- - Protection of banks with rocks, concrete, or steel, to stop bank erosion,
- and hence sedimentation
- - Signs with fines for littering ($20 000 at Fifth avenue)
- - Storm water drains to stop urban flooding
- - Floating Booms to capture rubbish
- - Trash Racks to capture rubbish on a rack, in the storm water drains
- - Gross Pollutant Trap (this uses a deep well to trap sediment, and a trash
- rack to capture floating rubbish)
- - Water Quality Testing, to judge the effectiveness of these strategies
- - Mangroves at Bicentennial Park, pollutant trap, wildlife refuge.
-
- In conclusion, the management strategies do appear to be making an
- improvement to the Cooks River. However, the improvement is at a slow rate,
- and needs to be expanded to start to show any great signs of improvement.
-